Education and Psychology: Second-round sample tasks for the Open Doors Postgraduate Track

The demo test consists of 30 tasks, with a maximum score of 100 points. It is structured as follows:
 Elementary Level: 18 tasks with a single correct answer each, valued at 1 point per task, for a maximum of 18 points.
 Intermediate Level: 9 cases, each with one or more correct answers, valued at up to 5 points per case, for a maximum of 45 points.
 Advanced Level: 2 cases, each worth 12 points, and 1 case worth 13 points, totaling a maximum of 37 points.
Case evaluation criteria:
1. Carity (the solution of the task should clearly state ideas and arguments in a concise and understandable form).
2. Evidence (the case must be supported by evidence from reliable sources, such as scientific studies, textbooks, and monographs).
3. Critical analysis (the author should critically analyze the discussed educational problems and give his/her assessment or practical suggestions on possible solutions or ways to improve the situation).

Education and Pedagogy

The leading idea of A.S. Makarenko's pedagogical works is:

a) the theory of education through physical punishment
b) the theory of labor educational collective
c) the theory of labor conscription
d) the theory of penitentiary education

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

What is the role of normative-legal support in the educational process?

a) determining the color of textbooks
b) developing software for computer courses
c) ensuring the legality and stability of the educational environment

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Which researcher did NOT address issues related to methodology in Russian pedagogy?

a) A.M. Novikov
b) V.I. Zagvyazinsky
c) I.I. Ivanov

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Action research as a tool of the educational practitioner involves:

a) studying a problem situation as a system and simultaneously co-operating with the participants of this system to solve the problem
b) identification of the problem, selection of ways and methods of its solution, reflection of the obtained results with subsequent correction if necessary
c) study of the problem situation at the theoretical level and its immediate solution
d) active co-operation between researchers and researched, joint learning as the main aspect of the research process
e) autonomous activity of the researchers from the researched, reflection of the obtained results with subsequent correction if necessary

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Eliminate TWO incorrect answers)

What is pedagogical control?

a) a system of scientifically based verification of the results of students' education
b) specially organized interaction between the older (teaching activity) and younger (learning activity) generations for the purpose of transferring by the older and mastering by the younger social experience necessary for life and work in society
c) a complex characteristic of a research method, including information about whether the methodology is suitable for measuring what it was created for, and what is its effectiveness and practical usefulness
d) the process of identifying, measuring, and evaluating the knowledge, skills, and abilities of students

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Choose TWO correct answers)

Design a plan for digitalization of the educational process of a preschool educational institution. (Advanced level - 12 points)

Answer the following questions:

1. What interests in the process of digitalization are pursued by state supervisory bodies, teaching staff, parents, and pupils?
2. What technical equipment is required for the full digitalization of all educational processes in the kindergarten?
3. What digital competencies should teachers possess?
4. What digital educational products (educational platforms, software, online learning courses, online learning resources, etc.) are needed for the digitalization of the kindergarten educational process?

Note: Your answer should be 1000-1200 characters, including spaces.

Advanced level (12 points)

Psychology, educational

L.S. Vygotsky characterized the theoretical construct about the space of tasks that a child cannot master independently but can master with the help of adults as:

a) the period of early preschool age
b) the period of transition age
c) the adolescent period
d) the zone of proximate development

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Which type of activity aimed at broadening the outlook, acquiring new knowledge, developing skills, and forming the ability to solve various problems is predominant and leading for primary school pupils?

a) game activity
b) sports activity
c) modelling, drawing, applique
d) learning activities

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

The leading type of activity of preschool children, in the process of which models of adult life, work, and relationships are reproduced, cognitive, aesthetic, and moral needs are realized, is defined in psychology as:

a) play activity
b) sports activity
c) modelling, drawing, applique
d) singing

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

D.B. Elkonin considered the structure of learning activity as a unity of the following components:

a) plot, content, roles, imaginary situation, rules, game actions and operations, game relations
b) subject of communication, object of communication, subject of communication, actions of communication, means of communication, product of communication
c) learning and cognitive motives, learning task and learning operations, control over the correctness and completeness of operations, evaluation
d) creative position, creative expression, creative product

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

The process of pedagogical communication represents:

a) professional communication of a teacher with students in a holistic pedagogical process, developing in two directions: organization of relations with students and management of communication in children's group
b) the exchange of information between people or teams to solve problems, achieve goals, or optimize processes in the organization
c) a multidimensional process of organization, establishment, and development of communication, mutual understanding, and interaction between teachers and learners, generated by the goals and content of their joint activities
d) exchange of actions, operations, professional skills, and abilities, as well as in the joint performance of certain work

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Choose TWO correct answers)

Solve a problem situation, and answer the questions provided below. (Intermediate level - 5 points)

A student failed to complete his homework for the first time. When the teacher inquired, "Why didn’t you do your homework?", the student's response was vague. The teacher decided to overlook this lapse on the condition that the student would complete the assignment by the next lesson. However, the following day, the student came to class again without having completed the homework. The teacher issued an unsatisfactory mark, prompting the student to leave the classroom abruptly, slamming the door loudly.

Questions:

1. What are the possible reasons for the student's behavior?
2. What would you do if a similar problem occurred in your class?
3. What is the right way to deal with this situation?
4. What work should be done with the pupils?

Note: Your answer should be 1000-1200 characters, including spaces.

Intermediate level (5 points)

Solve a problem situation, and answer the questions provided below. (Advanced level - 12 points)

You as a teacher need to increase the level of patriotism of your students. Choose an appropriate research method used in educational psychology. Describe:

1. The steps
2. The content
3. Potential options for solving the research problem given that the following research methods are used in educational psychology:

Note: Your answer should be 1000-1200 characters, including spaces.

Advanced level (12 points)

Education, special

A secondary defect in hearing impairment is:

a) underdevelopment of speech
b) underdevelopment of thinking
c) underdevelopment of communication

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

In severe and profound variants of mental retardation, the main task of education will be:

a) formation of basic scientific knowledge
b) formation of basic knowledge about the surrounding world
c) formation of life competencies

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

General underdevelopment of speech is manifested in:

a) stuttering
b) slowing down or acceleration of the rate of speech
c) underdevelopment of the pronunciation side, difficulties in learning speech laws

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Accessible educational environment for students with intellectual disability (mild mental retardation) includes:

a) ramps and lifts to ensure mobility
b) the use of sign language by the teacher when explaining learning tasks
c) reducing the complexity of learning tasks

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Students with disabilities:

a) always have the status of ‘disabled’
b) may have the status of ‘disabled’ or not have such status

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Models of inclusive education do NOT include:

a) full inclusion
b) partial inclusion
c) spontaneous inclusion
d) episodic inclusion

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

The concept of ‘self-efficacy’ is one of the key categories of:

a) A. Bandura's theory of social-cognitive learning
b) A. N. Leontiev's theory of activity
c) M. Chihsentmihai's flow theory
d) there is no correct answer

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Which personality type is included in C. Jung's personality typology?

a) existential
b) emotional
c) introverted feeling
d) creative

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

The theory of intelligence developed by R. Kettell includes such types of intelligence as:

a) crystallized and fluid intelligence
b) build-up and fixed intelligence
c) social and emotional intelligence
d) there is no correct answer

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

D. Morgan's typology of mixed methods designs does NOT include:

a) statistically orientated mixed types
b) empowering quantitative data in a qualitative design
c) explanatory sequential design
d) mixed design based on qualitative comparative analysis

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Select THREE correct answers)

The structure of emotional intelligence developed by J. Mayer and P. Salovey includes elements such as:

a) emotion identification
b) stress management
c) conscious management of emotions
d) understanding and analyzing emotions

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Select THREE correct answers)

Analyze the problem situation by considering the relevant determinants:

At the present stage of the development of psychological science, interdisciplinary studies of human development are becoming in demand. For example, research in cognitive neuroscience and education is becoming increasingly in demand. Provide answers to the following questions in the essay genre and give an example of a case study:

1. What determines the relevance of research in cognitive neuroscience and education?
2. What are the main advantages and limitations of research in cognitive neuroscience and education?
3. Give an example of already realized or possible interdisciplinary research in the field of cognitive neuroscience and education.

In the text of the essay, use arguments based on the results of published research, scientific theories, expert judgments, and an example of research that you are aware of.

Advanced level (13 points)

Psychology, applied

Discriminant validity is most important for:

a) objective psychodiagnostic techniques
b) subjective psychodiagnostic techniques
c) multidimensional psychodiagnostic techniques
d) there is no correct variant of the answer

Entry level (1 point) - (Select ONE correct answer)

Which of the above methods belongs to the group of conflict management methods:

a) sociological method
b) testing method
c) method of cartography
d) method of experimentation

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

According to which authors are conduct disorders divided into socialized forms of antisocial behavior and unsocialized aggressive behavior?

a) A. Bandura and M. Rutter
b) A. A. Bodalev and A. N. Sukhov
c) E. Hilgard and L. Kohlberg
d) V. N. Kudryavtseva and S. A. Belicheva

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Deviant behavior is primarily associated with the violation of:

a) social norms
b) traditions
c) humanistic attitudes
d) ethical norms

Entry level (1 point) - (Choose ONE correct answer)

Select all the appropriate variants of types of “escape from reality” according to N. Pezeshkian:

a) “escape into emotions”
b) “escape into the body”
c) “escape into work”
d) “escape into illness”
e) “escape into contact or loneliness”
f) “escape into fantasy”

Intermediate level (5 points) - (Eliminate TWO incorrect answers)

Resource => Demo version

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