Clinical Medicine and Public Health: Second-round sample tasks for the Open Doors undergraduate track

You will be asked to complete 33 tasks, including:
- 20 entry-level tasks, each correct answer worth 0-1 point,
- 10 intermediate-level tasks, each correctly answered task worth 0-5 points,
- 3 advanced tasks with (constructed response), each correctly completed task valued at 0–10 points.
In test tasks, correct answers are highlighted in bold.
Evaluation criteria and standard answers are provided for the advanced tasks requiring constructed responses

Pharmacology

Using a given series of elements, choose the one with two unpaired electrons on the outer shell in the ground state:

a) Cl
b) Ba
c) Si
d) P
Entry level (0-1 points)

Indicate a series containing only acidic oxides:

a) CO₂; SiO₂; N₂O; SO₃
b) V₂O₅; CrO₃; TeO₃; Mn₂O₇
c) P₂O₃; Al₂O₃; N₂O₅; SO₂
d) CaO; CO; P₂O₅; NO₂
Entry level (0-1 points)

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₃H₈O?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
Entry level (0-1 points)

This compound shown in the figure belongs to the subclass of:

a) sphingolipids
b) taxanes
c) glycerophospholipids
d) fatty acid
Entry level (0-1 points)

Which of the following is a vegetative organ of a plant?

a) root
b) seed
c) pistil
d) rhizome
Entry level (0-1 points)

What is the probability of gametes with both recessive alleles in a diheterozygous organism if the non-allelic genes are not linked?

a) 100%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 0%
Entry level (0-1 points)

Which of the following animals is not a parasite?

a) Milk planaria
b) Beef tapeworm
c) Liver fluke
d) Echinococcus
Entry level (0-1 points)

The Eustachian tube anatomically connects:

a) larynx and pharynx
b) pharynx and middle ear
c) larynx and inner ear
d) pharynx and inner ear
Entry level (0-1 points)

In which of the presented compounds the hybridization type of the central atom is sp²?

a) ВН₃
b) СО₂
c) Н₂О
d) СН₄
Entry level (0-1 points)

Choose the correct statement:

a) Alkanes are isomeric with alkenes
b) Alkenes are isomeric with cycloalkanes
c) Alkenes give a positive Tollens’ test
d) Cycloalkanes are soluble in water
e) Alkanes react with sodium
Entry level (0-1 points)

Which of the following is an idioadaptation?

a) appearance of the flower
b) separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulation in birds
c) protective colouration in animals
d) absence of the digestive system in tapeworms
Entry level (0-1 points)

Dog tick and taiga tick belong to the class of:

a) Crustaceans
b) Insects
c) Arachnids
d) Polychaetes
Entry level (0-1 points)

Both parents of the child have IV(AB) blood group. What blood type can the child have?

a) O(I), A(II), B (III)
b) O(I)
c) A(II), B (III)
d) A(II), B (III), AB (IV)
Entry level (0-1 points)

At the temperature of 80^oC, the rate of a reaction equals 81 mole/(l·sec). At which temperature will its rate become 3 mole/(l·sec) if the temperature coefficient is 3?

a) 110
b) 60
c) 50
d) 40
Entry level (0-1 points)

Choose the product of the reaction of toluene with bromine under UV light:

a) o-bromotolene
b) m-bromotolene
c) p-bromotolene
d) benzyl bromide
e) bromobenene
Entry level (0-1 points)

Public health

Which of the following is a viral disease?

a) Malaria
b) Hemophilia
c) Ebola fever
d) Cholera
Entry level (0-1 points)

Which phylum of the Animal Kingdom contains the highest number of species?

a) Annelida
b) Arthropoda
c) Mollusca
d) Chordata
Entry level (0-1 points)

There are two types of neurons in the retina - rods and cones. The rods’ function provides

a) colour vision
b) black-and-white vision and brightness
c) daytime vision and contrast
d) red colour discrimination
Entry level (0-1 points)

Which pair of ions participate in the chemical reaction at the addition of the solution of AgNO₃ to the solution of KCl?

a) K⁺ and Ag⁺
b) K⁺ and NO₃⁻
c) NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻
d) Ag⁺ and Cl⁻
Entry level (0-1 points)

Among the given oxides – SiO₂; Al₂O₃; NO; P₂O₅; ZnO; CaO – choose those which react with water.

a) SiO₂ and P₂O₅
b) P₂O₅ and CaO
c) NO and P₂O₅
d) all the oxides
Entry level (0-1 points)

Select the correct sequence of evolution of plants. Choose one correct answer.

a) Gymnospermae, Ferns, Flowering plants, Algae, Mosses
b) Algae, Mosses, Ferns, Gymnospermae, Flowering plants
c) Algae, Ferns, Mosses, Flowering plants, Gymnospermae
d) Mosses, Algae, Ferns, Gymnospermae, Flowering plants
e) Ferns, Mosses, Algae, Flowering plants, Gymnospermae
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

α -amylase is an enzyme of saliva and pancreas that can break down (choose multiple correct answers):

a) fructose
b) glycogen
c) glucose
d) topoisomerase
e) pulp
f) starch
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

Which of the following organisms have cell walls? Choose multiple correct answers.

a) Ferns
b) Insects
c) Humans
d) Fungi
e) Escherichia coli
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

Choose the correct statements (choose multiple correct answers):

a) there are 2 types of immunity: innate and acquired
b) antigen-presenting cells are macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells
c) the innate immune system includes only humoral components
d) acquired immunity has a cellular and humoral component
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

What volume (ml) of 96 % solution of sulfuric acid (density 1.84 g/ml) should you take to prepare 1.2 l of a 0.5 М solution?

a) 35.27
b) 33.29
c) 25.15
d) 28.48
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

What do the sperm cells of one organism contain? Choose multiple correct answers.

a) different sex chromosomes
b) identical sex chromosomes
c) different sets of autosomes
d) identical sets of autosomes
e) homologous chromosomes
g) non-homologous chromosomes
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

Thermal decomposition of which salt leads to the mutual formation of a basic and an acidic oxide? Choose one correct answer.

a) CuCO₃
b) NaNO₃
c) KClO₃
d) (NH₄)₂SO₄
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

Glycogen does not contain the following monosaccharide units (choose multiple correct answers):

a) L- Glucose
b) L- Fructose
c) D- Xylose
d) D- Galactose
e) D- Glucose
f) D- Arabinose
g) L- Talose
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

What are the characteristics of the phylum Chordata? Choose multiple correct answers.

a) Triploblasty
b) Secondary body cavity (Coelom)
c) Deuterostomia
d) Bilateral symmetry
e) Absence of an internal skeleton
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

The oxidation of an alkene with an acidic solution of potassium permanganate resulted in the formation of a single product, 2-pentanone. Write down the number of carbon atoms in the original alkene.

10
Intermediate level (0-5 points)

Pharmacology

Analysis of the family history shows that the studied pathological trait appears in every generation. It is inherited from an affected father by all his daughters. A mother can pass this trait on to a child of any gender.

1. Which method was used in the study?

Pedigree analysis (genealogical method)

2. Determine the type of inheritance of the given disease.

The disease is X-linked dominant.

3. Calculate the probability of a left-handed child (an autosomal recessive trait) with the given disease for the couple who are affected and heterozygous for the gene determining handedness. It is known that the wife's mother was healthy. Note that the evaluation will consider how you solve the task; providing only the final answer is not sufficient.

For example, the A gene determines handedness, and the B gene is responsible for the given disease. The cross is AaXBXb x AaXBY. The probability of a left-handed affected child will be 3/16 (18.75%). High level (0-10 points)

The organism shown in the figure is called green or blue mold.

1. Which kingdom does this organism belong to?

Kingdom Fungi

2. Give at least three features of this kingdom.

Possible answers: Fungi have a body represented by mycelium, a cell wall, unlimited growth, only heterotrophic nutrition, and glycogen as a reserve carbohydrate.

3. What is the medical significance of this organism?

The organism shown in the figure is called Penicillium. It produces the Penicillin antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial diseases. High level (0-10 points)

The figure shows the anterior end of a parasitic worm.

1. Name the phylum and class of this animal.

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms); Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

2. How does a patient become the final host of this parasite? What is the name (names) of the disease?

Eating undercooked meat with measles (taeniasis); infection with eggs due to insufficient hygiene (cysticercosis)

3. What structural features can you find in this organism as adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle? Write at least three characteristics.

Presence of attachment organs (hooks, suckers); reduction of the digestive system; reduction of sense organs; well-developed reproductive system. High level (0-10 points)

Humans have several large vessels that are anatomically connected to the heart: the aorta, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk), and pulmonary veins.

1. List what right and left parts of the heart you know.

The right atrium and right ventricle are the right chambers of the heart. The left chambers of the heart include the left atrium and left ventricle.

2. Which of the mentioned vessels are anatomically attached to the right parts of the heart, and which to the left parts of the heart?

The pulmonary veins and aorta are associated with the left chambers of the heart; the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary trunk) and inferior vena cava are associated with the right chambers of the heart.

3. Which of the listed vessels belong to the large (systemic) circle of blood circulation, and which to the small (pulmonary) circle? What is the degree of blood oxygenation in these vessels (arterial or venous)?

The aorta (arterial blood) and inferior vena cava (venous blood) are part of the systemic circulation; the pulmonary circulation includes the pulmonary arteries/pulmonary trunk (venous blood) and the pulmonary veins (arterial blood). High level (0-10 points)

Medicine, general & internal

In humans, an increase in temperature over 38°C leads, among other things, to loss of appetite and various disorders of the digestive tract, for example, diarrhea. One of the reasons for these effects is a change in the activity of digestive enzymes.

1) How exactly does it change in this case (increases or decreases)?

Enzyme activity decreases with increasing body temperature until it disappears.

2) What and why happens to the enzyme itself?

An enzyme is a polypeptide chain consisting of amino acids with different chemical properties. Depending on environmental conditions, this chain can take on different conformations. As body temperature increases, the conformations of proteins (including digestive enzymes) can change, even to the point of denaturation.

3) Why does this change its ability to catalyze chemical reactions?

Under physiological conditions (at 37°C), a catalytic center is formed in the tertiary structure of the enzyme, catalyzing biochemical reactions. As the temperature increases, the conformation of the protein changes so that the structure of the catalytic center changes and the protein loses its enzymatic activity. High level (0-10 points)

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